Industrial Cathedral

Industrial Cathedral
"Industrial Cathedral" charcoal on paper 131 x 131 cm Jane Bennett. Finalist in 1998 Dobell Drawing Prize Art Gallery of NSW Finalist 1998 Blake Prize Winner 1998 Hunter's Hill Open Art Prize

About Me

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Sydney, NSW, Australia
I'm an Industrial Heritage Artist who paints "en plein air".If it's damaged, derelict, doomed and about to disappear, I'll be there to paint it.

Friday 17 January 2014

Rust never sleeps : Painting the Hammerhead Crane Part 2


plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Starting to paint my canvas of the 
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm
Enquiries
The Hammerhead Crane was constructed between 1944 – 1951 as part of a major development of the Garden Island naval facilities that also included the Captain Cook graving dock.
It was originally intended to serve the ships of both the British and Australian Navies.
 The British Navy had access to the 250 ton Hammerhead Crane at Singapore until 1942. When Singapore fell, this crane was destroyed, but its design and steelwork construction drawings were reused for the Garden Island crane.

plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Starting to paint my canvas of the 
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm
Enquiries

The crane designer was Sir William Arrol Co Ltd of Glasgow, with Sir Alexander Gibb and Partners of London as consultants.
The 250 ton crane was the largest size of the 18 Arrol Titans constructed from 1910 to 1960. The Garden Island Hammerhead Crane was one of the six 250 ton Arrol Titans.
plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Painting my canvas of the 
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm
Enquiries

Between 1989 – 1991  the crane capacity was reduced and inspections and repairs were carried out.
In 1995 Jigger hoist was withdrawn from service due to runway corrosion.
1996 seems to have been the last known date of operation.

plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Painting my canvas of the 
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm
Enquiries



























Large riveted structures have an inherent problem.
They have, by the nature of their construction, many inaccessible surfaces which can't be completely sealed against water and are therefore prone to corrosion.

plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Work in progress on the easel
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm


This problem was well understood by the designers of the Hammerhead.
Their specifications required that all surfaces to be brought together should be painted with two coats of red lead in boiled linseed oil as a corrosion protective coating, before fit up and riveting. The surfaces were supposed to be brought together while the 2nd paint layer was still wet.
This was the normal procedure to limit corrosion on inaccessible surfaces.

plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Painting my canvas of the 
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm




























However, according to the Hammerhead Crane report by Godden Mackay Logan an analysis of the paint layers is as follows:
Substrate: Dark Brown Mill Scale on Steel
First paint layer: Yellow Zinc Chromate Primer
Second Paint Layer: Light Grey Aluminium Top-Coat
Third Paint Layer: Dark Orange Red Lead Primer
Fourth Paint Layer: Grey Alkyd MIO

plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Painting my canvas of the 
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm


A Zinc Chromate primer as well as a second coat of grey aluminium paint lie underneath the layer of red lead over most of the crane. 
This was completely contrary to the original specifications of the designers. And with good reason.
Red lead is intended for direct application to ferrous substrates, so it is of limited value when applied over existing paint. 
The National Paints product sheet says that red lead primers are " not suitable for over coating of zinc primed steel".
So there.
plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Painting my canvas of the 
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm
Enquiries



























Red lead/Lead tetraoxide (Formula: Pb3O4) is a bright red, heavy, water and alcohol insoluble, poisonous compound and has been used as a pigment since the time of the Roman empire. It was originally known as minium, after the Minius River in northwest Spain where it was first mined. Red lead was usually obtained as a powder by heating the yellow lead ore known as litharge. In the medieval period it was used as a pigment in the production of illuminated manuscripts, and gave its name to the miniature.
In combination with linseed oil, red lead is incomparably useful as a thick, long-lasting anti-corrosive paint.
However red lead  is also notoriously and horribly toxic. 
But then, so is zinc chromate.
plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Painting my canvas of the 
"Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island" 
2014 oil on canvas 91 x 61cm





























Every now and then I can see a sallow greenish yellow hue seeping mockingly through the apparently uniform grey top coat. 
What were they thinking when they applied the zinc chromate primer? 
The combination of a zinc based primer and aluminium based 2nd coat makes me suspect that the first painters of the Hammerhead were attempting a "zinc-alume" solution. The theory is that aluminium and zinc oxides will migrate to a scratched surface and provide enhanced corrosion protection. 
In practice, it didn't work.
plein air oil painting of the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
GIHC6 ' Looking up at the Hammerhead Crane'
2014 oil on paper 12 x 12cm

Enquiries


























There are large areas of breakdown and surface corrosion occurring on the Hammerhead Crane where the paint layers have failed.
Rusting through the paint due to corroding millscale is also common.
Rust is a common metaphor, even a cliche, for slow decay. It gradually but thoroughly corrupts robust iron and steel metal into a soft crumbling powder.
In my paintings, I am grateful for the patches of rust. They add a dash of much needed warmth and texture to contrast with the monotony of the cool grey colour of the steel.
But in real life, rust is something I am sorry to see. It speaks of neglect, of compromise, of lack of foresight, of laziness, of apathy, of failure to preserve and protect.
Decay is not merely physical.

Monday 6 January 2014

Painting the Icebreaker "Polar Star"

I was continuing my paintings of the Hammerhead Crane at Garden Island last Friday when I was startled by the arrival of a large red-hulled ship.
plein air painting of  icebreaker U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star"  at Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Holding up my painting of 'U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star"arriving at Garden Island'
 2014 oil on canvas 20 x 25cm
as the icebreaker departs for the Antarctic
                   


















It docked alongside the Hammerhead Crane, so was difficult to ignore.
On its hull was the number "10" and the name "U.S. Coast Guard" written in white block letters.
It was the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter "Polar Star", one of the world's most powerful icebreakers making a port call in Sydney before it transits to conduct a rescue mission in the Antarctic.
This heavy icebreaker cut short its Sydney visit to go to the rescue of 2 ships stuck in the Antarctic ice - the Russian research ship 'Akademik Shokalskiy' which has been trapped in ice-clogged Commonwealth Bay since Christmas Eve, as well as the Chinese ship which came to its rescue, 'Xue Long' ( 'Snow Dragon' in Chinese) and had also become stuck nearby.
plein air painting of  icebreaker U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star"  at Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
Holding up my painting of
'U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star" 
arriving at Garden Island'
 2014 oil on canvas 20 x 25cm
                       


















Fortunately I always carry a selection of small canvases, just in case I need to capture an unexpected moment.
I painted a  20 x 25cm small horizontal canvas of the Polar Star's arrival at Garden Island, with the crescent of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in the background partially hidden by the trees of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Mrs Macquarie's Chair.
I also managed to finish a 15 x 30cm tiny panoramic canvas of the Polar Star docked beside the Hammerhead Crane before her departure for Antarctica on the morning of Sunday 5th January.
And I work fast.
plein air painting of  icebreaker U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star"  at Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
On my easel is my half finished panoramic painting of
'U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star"  at Garden Island'
 2014 oil on canvas 30 x 153cm
Enquiries
                           


















I started an ambitious panorama showing the "Polar Star" beneath the Hammerhead Crane on the left, while on the right is a glimpse of the HMAS Sydney behind some dock buildings and an old crane.

plein air painting of  icebreaker U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star"  at Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
On my easel is my half finished panoramic painting of
'U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star"  at Garden Island'
 2014 oil on canvas 30 x 153cm
Enquiries
                           


















I knew I wouldn't have time to finish this painting before the "Polar Star" left for its Antarctic rescue mission, but I have enough information from the 2 small studies I painted earlier to be able to complete it.

plein air painting of  icebreaker U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star"  at Garden Island by artist Jane Bennett
On my easel is my half finished panoramic painting of
'U.S. Coastguard Cutter "Polar Star" at Garden Island'
 2014 oil on canvas 30 x 153cm
Enquiries
                          

















Related posts

Sunday 5 January 2014

Hammerhead Crane, Garden Island

Plein air painting of the Hammerhead Crane before its demolition at Garden Island painted by industrial heritage artist Jane Bennett
Starting painting the Hammerhead Crane
on Garden Island
Enquiries

The Hammerhead Crane on Garden Island was built between 1944- 1951.
Plein air painting of the Hammerhead Crane before its demolition at Garden Island painted by industrial heritage artist Jane Bennett
It was still, at the time of this painting, the largest dockside crane in Australia, and one of only 15 still standing around the world.
Plein air painting of the Hammerhead Crane before its demolition at Garden Island painted by industrial heritage artist Jane Bennett
Soon there will be only 14, as Sydney's Hammerhead Crane has not been used since 1996 and will soon be demolished.
Plein air painting of the Hammerhead Crane before its demolition at Garden Island painted by industrial heritage artist Jane Bennett





















I've been trying to get access to paint the Hammerhead Crane from Garden Island for over 2 years.
After a longer than usual struggle with bureaucracy, I finally gained permission to paint there during the Navy "Rap" period.
No hiphop is involved with the Navy's "Rap"- it's apparently an acronym for reduced activity over the Christmas holiday period.
Plein air painting of the Hammerhead Crane before its demolition at Garden Island painted by industrial heritage artist Jane Bennett
As the sky became more overcast, I decided to repaint the background for a more dramatic effect.
Plein air painting of the Hammerhead Crane before its demolition at Garden Island painted by industrial heritage artist Jane Bennett























I think about these structures as a paleontologist regards fossils as once living organisms, and to understand them in that light.
The specimens paleontologists collect are not the living creatures but the few skeletons and fragments that have had the good fortune to survive the lottery of decay and fossilization and come out on the other side as beautiful relics.
The sites I paint are usually relics.

Plein air painting of the Hammerhead Crane before its demolition at Garden Island painted by industrial heritage artist Jane Bennett
My vantage point for my first painting of the Hammerhead Crane on Garden Island is from the Fitting out Wharf, just to the north of the crane.
I have often painted the Hammerhead Crane from Mrs Macquarie's Chair and the Woolloomooloo Fingerwharf opposite. From these viewpoints, the Hammerhead Crane looked like an leftover Meccano toy.
However now I am almost directly beneath it, I feel overwhelmed by the power and scale of this immense crane looming over me.
The mass of scaffolding unfortunately obscures much of the original structure, while fortunately also preventing it from dropping rusty remnants on my head from a great height.
The contractors will have to construct a temporary crane next to the Hammerhead, which will take several weeks.
The demolition process might take the better part of a year from start to finish, so there will be time to paint many more canvases.
Plein air painting of the Hammerhead Crane before its demolition at Garden Island painted by industrial heritage artist Jane Bennett
"Hammerhead Crane from the
Fitting Out Wharf, Garden Island "
2014 oil on canvas 61 x 51cm
Enquiries


Several of my paintings and drawings of the Hammerhead Crane have won multiple art awards.
I exhibited my series of paintings and drawings of the Hammerhead Crane at my solo exhibition at the Frances Keevil Gallery "Under the Hammer" 18th November - 7th December 2014.

More paintings with a naval theme
Painting the International Fleet Review at Barangaroo Part 2

Painting the International Fleet Review at Barangaroo

Painting 'Spirit of Tasmania' in Garden Island Drydock

Thursday 26 December 2013

Painting the International Fleet Review at Barangaroo Part 2

During the recent International Fleet Review celebrations I painted on the Barangaroo wharf, close to my Moore's Wharf studio.  On Wednesday 9th and Thursday 10th I completed 3 paintings of the USS Chosin, HMS Daring and the 2 Australian ships HMAS Parramatta and HMAS Perth. 
My previous post showed the stage by stage development of these 3 canvases.
In this post I show the completed canvases of these ships, as well as 2 canvases I painted on Friday 11th October of their departure from the vantage point of my studio at the Sydney Ports Corporation Headquarters at Moore's Wharf.
plein air oil painting by artist Jane Bennett of HMS Daring at Barangaroo during International Fleet Review
 IFR2A 'HMS Daring at Barangaroo' 2013
 oil on canvas 25 x 51cm
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com
This is the completed canvas of HMS Daring, with USS Chosin just visible in the background to the right.
plein air oil painting by artist Jane Bennett of HMAS Perth and HMAS Parramatta at Barangaroo during International Fleet Review
IFR3A 'HMAS Parramatta with
HMAS Perth at Barangaroo' 2013 

 oil on canvas 25 x 51cm
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com
HMAS Parramatta (154) and HMAS Perth (157) were tied together, making it difficult to paint the pair from the Barangaroo wharf.
Thursday was blisteringly hot, especially on the bare concrete wharf, but it rained Friday morning during the departure of the first 2 ships.
As you can see from the photo, there wasn't much difference between the grey of the sea, sky or ships - they were all of a piece.
plein air oil painting by artist Jane Bennett of HMS Daring and HMAS Perth departing under the Sydney Harbour Bridge during International Fleet Review
Starting a panoramic canvas of
Sydney Harbour from Moore's wharf
IFR5 'HMS Daring  + HMAS Perth
departing Barangaroo-painted from Moore's Wharf'
2013 oil on canvas 25 x  153cm 
 
















A few months before, I had started to paint a Sydney Harbour panorama on a stormy day. I wanted to put some ships in the centre, as it seemed a little empty, but I couldn't decide which ships to include.
The sky colour on Friday morning was so similar to this half finished canvas that I decided to use it to record the departure of the last of the ships from the International Fleet Review.

plein air oil painting by artist Jane Bennett of HMS Daring and HMAS Perth departing under the Sydney Harbour Bridge during International Fleet Review
IFR5 'HMS Daring  + HMAS Perth
departing Barangaroo-painted from Moore's Wharf'
2013 oil on canvas 25 x  153cm 

Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com

By a stroke of luck, HMS Daring and HMAS Perth departed so close together that I could place them both on the same panoramic canvas. It provided the perfect opportunity to combine the beauty of Sydney Harbour with a historic event.
HMAS Perth was flanked by 2 small black and red tugs, the oddly named 'Rhumb Melba' and 'Rhumb Matilda'.
In the left foreground is the Ausbarge Marine Services boat, from the Barangaroo North Headland Park, currently under construction to the west of Moore's Wharf.

plein air oil painting by artist Jane Bennett of  HMAS Parramatta departing under the Sydney Harbour Bridge during International Fleet Review
 IFR4 'HMAS Parramatta departing
 under the Sydney Harbour Bridge'
2013 oil on canvas 

 oil on canvas 31 x 61cm
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com

By the afternoon, the weather had cleared, so that the HMAS Parramatta left Sydney under a glorious cobalt blue sky.
To continue my naval theme, the iconic Hammerhead Crane will be demolished early in 2014, and I have just received permission from the Navy to paint it from the vantage point of Garden Island itself.

Saturday 14 December 2013

Painting the International Fleet Review at Barangaroo

HMAS Perth, HMAS Parramatta, HMS Daring & USS Chosin were berthed at Barangaroo for a few days during the recent International Fleet Review celebrations. I was given access to paint there on Wednesday 9th and Thursday 10th. The ships finally left on Friday 11th October. I painted their departure from the vantage point of my studio at the Sydney Ports Corporation Headquarters at Moore's Wharf.
These will have been the last ships to ever officially berth at Barangaroo.
This 22 hectare site, previously known as the 'Hungry Mile' was a wharf for over 200 years.
It's the end of an era and I'm the only one who seems to have noticed.

Marine art - plein air oil painting of USS Chosin at Barangaroo wharf during International Fleet Review by artist Jane Bennett
 Starting to paint my canvas
'USS Chosin at Barangaroo' 

2013 oil on canvas 25 x 51cm
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com
I was allowed to drive my car onto the Barangaroo wharf, probably the last time I would ever be able to do so.
I started this painting at about 9am on Wednesday morning.

plein air oil painting of USS Chosin at Barangaroo wharf during International Fleet Review by artist Jane Bennett
Starting to paint the sea on my canvas 
'USS Chosin at Barangaroo'
2013 oil on canvas  25 x 51cm 
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com

plein air oil painting of USS Chosin at Barangaroo wharf during International Fleet Review by artist Jane Bennett
Painting the sea on my canvas
'USS Chosin at Barangaroo'

2013 oil on canvas  25 x 51cm
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com
A truck drove up to the gangway and a conga line of sailors passed boxes of provisions onto the ship.
I wondered why the USS Chosin didn't use its ship's cranes instead, but I was grateful to be able to put so many of the crew in the background. It's a bit difficult to see them in the photo below - you'll need a magnifying glass as each figure is only a few millimetres high!
plein air oil painting of USS Chosin at Barangaroo wharf during International Fleet Review by artist Jane Bennett
The completed canvas
'USS Chosin at Barangaroo'

 2013 oil on canvas  25 x 51cm
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com

I finished my painting by 11am, and moved further down the wharf to start painting the other ships.

plein air oil painting of HMS Daring at Barangaroo wharf during International Fleet Review by artist Jane Bennett
 Starting my painting of
HMS Daring on Barangaroo wharf

Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com

plein air oil painting of HMS Daring at Barangaroo wharf during International Fleet Review by artist Jane Bennett
My painting of 'HMS Daring
on Barangaroo wharf' 2013

oil on canvas 25 x 51cm
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com
















HMS Daring has a very odd motif on its crest - an outstretched hand suspended over a red-hot cauldron. Not so much "daring" as "foolhardy" or at least "bi-polar". It apparently derives from a legendary hero of Ancient Rome who had a major difference of opinion with his emperor and wanted to make a point in a rather drastic fashion.
One of the officers gave me a sticker of the crest, which I have put on the trolley luggage I use to carry my easel in.
It's an appropriate motto.

plein air oil painting of HMAS Perth and HMAS Parramatta at Barangaroo wharf during International Fleet Review by artist Jane Bennett
Starting my painting of HMAS Parramatta
and HMAS Perth on Barangaroo wharf


plein air oil painting of HMAS Perth and HMAS Parramatta at Barangaroo wharf during International Fleet Review by artist Jane Bennett
My painting of 'HMAS Parramatta and
 HMAS Perth on Barangaroo wharf'

2013 
oil on canvas 25 x 51cm
Enquiries : janecooperbennett@gmail.com



















Unfortunately this post is a few weeks later than intended.
I haven't been able to post anything on my blog or Facebook for a while as I had a car accident and damaged my shoulder not long after painting these. It's been quite frustrating as I still find it a bit painful to paint or even type, but it's slowly getting better.